Team+Wiki+Wiki+Wiki


 * Here is our outline for quick reference to assign to the articles below:**

Section 1: Unique needs of target population - Erin C.

Section 2: Evidence-based interventions - Erin A.

Section 3: Application of theories to target group - Leanne

Section 4: Future considerations - Lauren

Some Interesting Links [] (nice find!)

I thought it would be interesting to add ASCA's definition of school counseling. It mentions that, "The knowledge, attitudes and skills that students acquire in the areas of academic, career and personal/social development during these elementary years serve as the foundation for future success." I think this might serve as a good introduction to why children need to have an introduction to career development in their elementary school years. It also says that school counselors are responsible for implementing "career awareness, exploration and planning" into the educational experience.

ERIN A'S ARTICLES (4 TOTAL) 1. Article: The structure of childrens’ interest and competence perception

Link: []

Reference: Tracey, T.J.G. & Ward, C.C. (1998). The structure of children's interests and competence perceptions. //Journal of Counseling Psychology//, //45//(3), 290-303.

Summary: This article focuses on a study done by the authors in which elementary school, middle school, and college age students were each given the Inventory of Children’s Activities. This assessment follows John Holland’s RIASEC model. The study found that many of the students indicated no difference between their interests and their actual competencies. It differentiates college students from elementary school student s by their way of thinking. College students tended to be more abstract, while elementary school students tended to be more concrete. This article also briefly touches on Super’s life span theory, claiming that perceptions of competence are the driving force behind interest development and occupational choice.

Sections where this article may be useful: Section 1 – Unique need of the target population Section 2 – Evidence based Interventions  Possibly Section 3 – Future Considerations (you might have to stretch to make the article work for this section)

2. Article: Career-Intervention Outcome: A Replication and Extension of Oliver and Spokane (1988)

Link: []

Reference: Whiston, S.C., Sexton, T.L., & Lasoff, D.L. (1998). Career-intervention outcome: a replication and extension of Oliver and Spokane(1988). //Journal of Counseling Psychology//, //2//(45), 150-165.

Summary: This article focuses on a study that was done in 1998 which replicated a study done fifteen years earlier. It briefly describes career interventions and what types of interventions a counselor might use and then the entire study focuses on this topic. It also speaks about the specialized nature of career counseling within the counseling field. At the end of the article, the authors briefly mention the future research that would be necessary to move forward in the field.

 Sections where this article may be useful: Section 2 – Evidence-Based Interventions Section 4 – Future Considerations 3. Article: Elementary Career Intervention Programs: Social Action Initiatives

Link: []

Reference: Palladino Schulthesis, D.E. (2005). Elementary career intervention programs: social action initiatives. //Journal of Career Development//, //31//(3), 185-194.

Summary: This article makes a very good point about elementary school aged career interventions. It mentions in the abstract that early career interventions provide the ideal venue for prevention efforts in elementary school. The author also mentions that relevant career theories form the basis for the design and delivery of elementary career intervention. It has an entire section on career theory and focuses a lot on Super’s life stage model.

Sections where this article may be useful: Possibly Section 1 – Unique need of the target population (you might get a little bit of information out of this article.)  Section 2 – Evidence-Based Interventions Section 3 – Application of theories to target group (you’ll find a lot of good info about Super) Possibly Section 4 – Future Considerations (There was just a little bit of info at the end about the future considerations of early intervention.)

4. Article: Using Stories in Elementary School Counseling: Brief, Narrative Techniques

Link: []

Reference: Eppler, C., Olsen, J.A., & Hidano, L. (2009). Using stories in elementary school counseling: brief, narrative techniques. //Professional School Counseling//, //12//(5), 387-391.

Summary: This article describes using stories and story-telling techniques so that elementary professional school counselors can facilitate brief narrative counseling. These approaches help counselors and students build rapport while assisting in understanding and externalizing the problem. Additionally, these interventions may help generate ideas for unique and positive academic, personal/social, and career outcomes. This article addresses four story-based techniques for use in elementary school counseling: biblionarrative, displaced communication, bibliocounseling, and using movie clips. (I know this is the abstract, but it really summed up the article quite accurately.)

Sections where this article may be useful: Section 1 – Unique needs of the target population Section 2 – Evidence-based interventions

[]

The Development of Elementary-Aged Children's Career Aspirations and Expectations
Erin Cosgrove This aticle is about elementary aged children's career aspirations and expectations. The authors often found that a childs aspirations were much different than their expecations. In the beginning of the article, the authors spoke about the research on individuals who believe at an older age that they began thinking of their career in elementary school. Twenty-three percent of adults age 40-55made their decision for their current career in childhood. The authors state how important it is to start career development in elementary school becasue of children making dicisions about themselves and their likes at this time. In elementary school, children are interpeting their thoughts about careers and figuring out thier interests. It is very improtant for children to have an individual that they can model that is a good worker. In the results, the group with the highest specific careers stated were the first-graders. Older children often aspired to more pretigious career than the younger ages children did. It was interesting that most of the children gave a different answer when they were asked what they expected their career to be compared to what they aspired to be. Boys were often noted more frequently to aspire to more sex-typed occupations then girls. It was found that most children did not follow in their parents footsteps in careers like one might have thoughts. The authors discussed that it would also be important in elementary school children to discuss what they do not want to do as a career so they can explore many different careers. I think this article would be helpful for my section and possibly Leanne's section Auger, R.W., Blackhurst, A. E., & Wahl, K. H. (2005). The development of elementary-ages children's career aspirations and expectations. //Professional School Counseling, 8 (4)//, 322-329.

[] Erin Cosgrove Using Stories in Elementary school counseling: Brief, narrative techniques This article is more about different kinds of counseling techniques for children in elementary school. This does not really cover career counseling in elementary school per se but I think some of the techniques could be modified for career counseing. The techniques involve narratives that the children write such as biblionarrative, displaced communication, bibliocounseling, and movie clips. I think this article gives some good advice about doing counseling in groups for children at this young age. Most of these activities are done with groups and it seems to be important for the children to do these kinds of things together. This article might be able to be used in most of the sections but this could possibly be used in my section or Erin A.'s section. Eppler, C., Olsen, J. A., & Hidano, L. (2009). Using stories in elementary school counseling: Brief, narrative techniques. //Professional School Counseling, 12 (5),// 387-391

[] Erin Cosgrove Career development in elementary schools: A perspective of the 1990's This areticle is very interesting and relavent in what we are trying to do. This article speaks about why elementary school career counseling needs to occur and the developmental stages children are in during the elementary school years. The article goes through many different theorists that speak about the stages they believe indivisuals go through at this time and there seems to be a concensious that the elementary school years are a time to develop self-awareness and the awareness of different activities and careers. Program planning needs to occur to see what the best approach is for the school and the children that one is workign with but after a plan is in place, it needs to be constantly evaluated to make sure it is doing what the counselors believe it is doing. The article discusses how there should be individuals and group conseling for the children and that career counseling needs to be a high priority for the schools. One interested point the authors made was that the school counselors need to make it a priority to train the parents on the importance of career counseling at all ages, especially the elementary age. The authors also discuss how this process needs to be a team approach and placed into the curriculum. The authors give an example of what a curriculum should include. This article may be a good article for all of the sections. I will be able to use this article for my section but Erin A's section may be able to benefit from this article because it presents an entire curriculum and Leanne's section may be able to apply this stuff because there are many theories mentioned in the begining of the article and applies the theories to elementary school children. Hoffman, L. R. & Mcdaniels, C. (1991). Career development in the elementary schools: A perspective of the 1990's. //Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 25 (3)//, 163-169.

This article is exactly what it says: how to have a elementary school career day. I think this would be a good article to include in the evidence based interventions. The article basically says that you want to create realistic views of speakers that you have coming in for career day. So, if you have a brick layer have the person lay some bricks to show the kids. It also pushes that you must involve the parents in the career day. The article gives suggestions on how to do this. Then the remainder of the article is breaking down the steps for the career day. The article says to get ready you have to have a planning committee, they need to pick a place to hold it and a time. You have to find people to come in using the "show and tell" technique (the example of the brick layer). The article also give three different formats you can have for the career day. Example of either having it in the gym for kids to freely walk around or the speakers rotate from class to class. It talks about what to do on the day itself. Make sure you have a schedule for the presenters. Then how to evaluate the day. Overall, the article was very simplistic but it may be good to have an idea how a career day should be handled. We could also consider doing this for our presentation and pretending like we have different presenter. []
 * Article is titled: //The anatomy of an elementary school career day//**

Beale, A., & Williams, J. (2000). The anatomy of an elementary school career day. //Journal of Career Development//, //26//(3), 205-213. doi:10.1023/A:1022943232402.

Leanne Hull

This article had some theory info in it. Basically the main message of the article was that it's never too early to start career planning. Surprise! (not really). They say that choices begin early for children. It usually begins around when kids are able to make preferences for tangible objects, like toys. Kids begin making choices about the world and themselves at a very young age. The purpose of the article, as stated by the authors, is to present career planning as a life skill. then the article goes into the 5 premises that career planning is based on. I'm just going to list them but can add later to each if everyone is dying for more info on it. 1-life career development is a life-long spiraling process, 2- life career planing includes a series of sub-skills, 3- career awareness and career exploration form the foundation of effective life career planning, 4- idiosyncratic factors influence the decision making of each person, 5- child development theory and career development theory are interrelated. The rest of the article goes into different theories of child development. I'm not including that info in the summary because I will be directly using it for my paper. Please let me know if you would like more info on the summary. []
 * Article is titled: //How early is too early to begin life career planning? The importance of the elementary school years//**

Magnuson, C., & Starr, M. (2000). How early is too early to begin life career planning? The importance of the elementary school years. //Journal of Career Development//, //27//(2), 89-101. doi:10.1023/A:1007844500034.

Leanne Hull



Lauren's articles:

Article: //Developmentally appropriate career guidance: Building concepts to last a lifetime.// This article discusses the need for childhood career development and the key goals for career guidance of young children. These goals include acquiring information, building self-awareness, developing positive attitudes and habits, exploring equity issues, and increasing work-related competencies. The author provides relevant ideas for strategies that address each of these goals.
 * Section 1: Unique needs of target group**

Hartung, P.J., Porfeli, E.J., & Vondracek, F.W. (2008). Career adaptibility in childhood. //The Career Development Quarterly, 57,// 63-74. This article begins with a review of the frameworks of developmental psychology, sociology, and life span vocational psychology and what these frameworks contribute to the understanding of child vocational development. The authors then dicuss the importance of the four basic dimensions of career adaptabillity, which are concern about the future, control over their lives, curiosity about careers, and confidence to construct a future and overcome career obstacles. The final piece of the article explores how to foster career adaptibility in children and how this can equip counselors with a framework to conduct career interventions and determine their effectiveness.
 * Section 3: Application of theory to target group**

Schultheiss, D.E.P., Palma, T.V., & Manzi, A.J. (2005). Career development in middle childhood: A qualitative inquiry. //The Career Development Quarterly, 53,// 246-262. This article emphasizes the need for systematic research and an empirically informed theoretical understanding of the childhood career development process. The authors examine 4th- and 5th-grade student's career and self-awareness, exploration, and career planning. The students were given weekly writing assignments to answer open-ended questions about themselves, key influential figures, their goals and interests, and decision making. The results of the study support Super's dimensional model, as the children's reflections revealed 8 of the 9 dimensions of Super's growth stage. The article concludes with implications for practice and directions for future research.
 * Section 3: Applications of theories to target group and Section 4: Future considerations**

Schultheiss, D.E.P. (2008). Current status and future agenda for the theory, research, and practice of childhood career development. //The Career Development Quarterly, 57,// 7-24. This article dicussees the current status and future directions of childhood career development theory, research and practice. The major focus of the article is about how there is very little empirically-based research on childhood career development and that there is more emphasis on middle childhood and adolesence. The authors give a number of suggestions for future practice.
 * Section 4: Future considerations**

Wood, C. & Kaszubowski, Y. (2008). The career development needs of rural elementary school students. //The Elementary School Journal, 108// (5), 431-444. This article discusses the career development needs of elementary students and research in support of childhood career development. The authors emphasize the lack of research investigating career development in elementary schools and how this limits the construction of a systematic career development program for later school years. Applying Super's career development theory, the authors administered the Childhood Career Development Scale to 150 fourth graders to determine how they scored across Super's nine dimensions and if there were any differences in respect to gender and socioeconomic status. Results indicate that the career development dimensions of curiosity, information, key figures, and planning were the top needs for the students in this study. The authors then discuss effective career development career interventions to address the needs of elementary school students.
 * All sections**

Interventions include: career interest assessments, lessons on accessing occupational information, guest speakers, written exercises, using the Childhood Career Development Scale as a needs assessment, possible-selves mapping (activity to envision a positive view of future selves) - writing "hoped-for" selves and "feared-selves" on 2 index cards, career field trips and job shadows. 

This document has a bunch of career awareness, exploration, and preparation activities. I'm not sure how to apply it to the lit review, but may give us some ideas for our workshop.

The link below is another resource for school counselors that includes a bunch of career related activities. []